Topoisomerase Remmers (Topoisomerase Inhibitors)

Topoisomerases can manage DNA's topological state in the nuclear to facilitate the replication, recombination, transcription and repair of DNA by separating the two strands of the helix temporarily. There are 2 types of DNA topoisomerases which are type I topoisomerase and type II topoisomerase.

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Cat.nr. Productnaam Informatie Productgebruik Citaten Productvalidaties
E2516 Doxorubicin Adriamycine (Doxorubicin, Hydroxydaunorubicine), een cytotoxisch anthracycline-antibioticum, is een chemotherapeutisch middel tegen kanker, remt topoisomerase II met een IC50 van 2,67 μM, waardoor DNA-replicatie wordt gestopt en apoptose wordt geïnduceerd.
Int J Biol Sci, 2026, 22(4):1793-1806
bioRxiv, 2026, 2026.03.19.712964
Cell, 2025, S0092-8674(25)00386-1
S1198 Irinotecan (CPT-11) Irinotecan is een Topoisomerase I-remmer voor LoVo-cellen en HT-29-cellen met een IC50 van respectievelijk 15,8 μM en 5,17 μM.
Cell Stem Cell, 2025, S1934-5909(25)00265-6
Cell Rep Med, 2025, S2666-3791(25)00102-8
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2025, 44(1):13
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S1288 Camptothecin (CPT) Camptothecin (CPT) is een specifieke remmer van DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) met een IC50 van 0,68 μM in een celvrije test. Camptothecin induceert apoptose in kankercellen via microRNA-125b-gemedieerde mitochondriale routes. Fase 2.
bioRxiv, 2026, 2026.03.28.714855
Cell Stem Cell, 2025, S1934-5909(25)00256-5
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):4491
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S1208 Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Hydrochloride Doxorubicin (DOX) HCl is een antibioticum dat humane DNA topoisomerase II remt met een IC50 van 2,67 μM. Doxorubicin vermindert de basale fosforylering van AMPK. Doxorubicin wordt gebruikt bij de gelijktijdige behandeling van met HIV geïnfecteerde patiënten, maar blijkt een hoog risico te hebben op HBV-reactivering.Dit product kan neerslaan wanneer het wordt opgelost in PBS-oplossing. Het wordt aanbevolen de stamoplossing in zuiver water te bereiden en te verdunnen met zuiver water of fysiologisch zout om de werkzame oplossing te verkrijgen.Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) HCl kan worden gebruikt om diermodellen voor nierziekten te induceren.
American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, May 1, 2025, G594-G609
Translational Oncology, January 2025, 102204
Research Square, February 21, 2024, nan
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S1225 Etoposide Etoposide is een semisynthetisch derivaat van podofyllotoxine, dat de DNA-synthese remt via topoisomerase II-remmende activiteit die de dubbelstrengs- en enkelstrengsbreuk van DNA verbetert en het herstel door topoisomerase II-binding reversibel remt. Etoposide induceert autophagy, mitophagy en apoptosis.
Nature Communications, October 15, 2025, 9160
Oncology Letters, March 2018, 3895-3903
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, December 21, 2025, e012591
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S2492 Novobiocin Sodium (Cathomycin, Albamycin) Novobiocin Sodium (NSC 2382, Albamycin, Cathomycin) is een aminocoumarine antibioticum dat zich richt op bacteriële DNA gyrase (TopoIV), gebruikt voor de behandeling van gevoelige grampositieve bacteriën.
Cancer Science, May 2023, 1943-1957
Redox Biol, 2025, 85:103672
J Transl Med, 2025, 23(1):1079
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S4908 SN-38 SN-38 (NK012) is een actieve metaboliet van CPT-11, remt DNA topoisomerase I, DNA-synthese en veroorzaakt frequent DNA-enkelstrengsbreuken. SN-38 induceert autophagy.
Cancer Res, 2026, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-4114.
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2026, 555824
Nature, 2025, 10.1038/s41586-025-08974-4
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S2217 Irinotecan Hydrochloride Trihydrate Irinotecan HCl Trihydrate is een hydrochloride-trihydraat van irinotecan (Camptosar, Campto, CPT-11), een Topoisomerase I-remmer met een IC50 van respectievelijk 15,8 en 5,17 ","M voor LoVo-cellen en HT-29-cellen.
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 2025, 44(1)
Am J Pathol, 2025, S0002-9440(25)00252-4
J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2024, 43(1):151
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S3035 Daunorubicin Hydrochloride (Daunomycin) Daunorubicin HCl remt zowel DNA- als RNA-synthese en remt DNA-synthese met een Ki van 0,02 M in een celvrije test. Daunorubicin is een topoisomerase II-remmer die apoptose induceert.Daunorubicin (RP 13057) HCl kan worden gebruikt om diermodellen voor nierziekte te induceren.
Blood Advances, 2025 Mar 11, 1078-1091
Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1):617
Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(4):102053
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S1231 Topotecan HCl Topotecan HCl is een topoisomerase I-remmer voor MCF-7 Luc-cellen en DU-145 Luc-cellen met een IC50 van respectievelijk 13 nM en 2 nM in celvrije assays. Deze verbinding induceert autophagy en apoptosis.
NPJ Precis Oncol, 2025, 9(1):306
Int J Mol Sci, 2025, 26(17)8494
Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2025, 18(2)181
Verified customer review of Topotecan HCl

DNA topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes that play a critical role in DNA transcription and replication events for the efficient creation and compaction of two identical genomes in two daughter cells. There are at least five different topoisomerase that have been found in higher eukaryotes that can be grouped into two categories: (1) type I family, includes topoisomerases I, IIIα, IIIβ, and (2) type II family, includes topoisomerases IIα and IIβ.[1][2]

Type I enzymes, which do not require ATP, cleave one DNA strand at a time to achieve DNA strand relaxation. More specifically, among type I family constituents, topoisomerase I-mediated DNA strand scission involves a nucleophilic attack by the active site tyrosine OH group on the DNA phosphodiester bond at the site of cleavage. Such an attack results in the breakage of the DNA phosphodiester backbone and the creation of a phosphotyrosine bond between the enzyme and DNA. This covalent binary complex DNA-topoisomerase I, the so-called cleavable complex, is typically only an intermediate. Relaxation via passage (swivel movement) of the broken DNA strand around the unbroken strand is followed by reformation of the phosphodiester backbone as a result of relegation, with concomitant release of topoisomerase I and enzyme turnover.[1][2]

In contrast, type II enzymes which are typically ATP-dependent are able to perform double strand cuts that relieve superhelical twists, intramolecular DNA knots, and intermolecular tangles for chromosomal segregation to produce a DNA-linked protein gate through which another intact duplex can pass. It should be emphasized that the enzyme shows strong preference for supercoiled DNA versus relaxed molecules. More specifically, with topoisomerase II enzymes it is observed that DNA cleavage occurs at preferred sequences within its recognition/binding sites, but there is not clear specificity.[1][2]

In either case, both types of topoisomerases cleave DNA at the phosphodiester backbone by nucleophilic attack from a catalytic tyrosine residue which becomes linked to the phosphate end (P-Y) of the DNA break. The reactions of both types of topoisomerases are highly reversible and leave the DNA sequence unchanged following topoisomerization.[1][2]

While both topoisomerases can relax supercoiled DNA, only topoisomerase II can decatenate DNA molecules. Interestingly, throughout the cell cycle topoisomerase I and topoisomerase IIβ do not change in concentration, meanwhile topoisomerase IIα protein level are noted to fluctuate in relation to the proliferative stage and cell cycle position. In particular, topoisomerase IIα mRNA peak in late S and G2/M several-fold over (typically more than 10 times) the amount observed in G1 cells. The high levels of topoisomerase IIα during the final stages of DNA replication is intended to assist with chromosome untangling, condensation and mitotic segregation events. Consequently, cancerous cells are noted to have high topoisomerase IIα activity, and these findings have prompted researchers to develop new anti-cancer agents that specifically target to poisomerase II.[1][2]

In general, topoisomerase I or topoisomerase II-directed anti-cancer agents are able to interfere with at least one step of the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. Among the topoisomerase I inhibitor class of compounds, Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives – a pentacyclic alkaloid formerly isolated as a natural extract from the Chinese tree Camptoteca acuminate – are effective at selectively targeting topoisomerase I by trapping its catalytic intermediate during the topoisomerase I-DNA reaction. Agents that effectively target topoisomerase II include the Anthracyclines (i.e. Adriamycin and Daunorubicin, 9 and 10), Epipodophyllotoxins (i.e. Etoposide and Teniposide 11 and 12), Antracendedione (i.e. Mitoxantrone, 13) and Aminoacrideines (i.e. m-AMSA). The compounds are successful at stabilizing the short-lived covalent complexes between topoisomerase II and DNA. The anti-cancer agents convert the topoisomerase II enzymes into DNA-cleaving toxins which are currently are area of research interest.[2]